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PRECISION IMMUNOMODULATION AND STIMULI-RESPONSIVE NANOTHERANOSTICS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: TRANSLATIONAL INTEGRATION OF IMMUNE TOLERANCE, NANOMEDICINE, AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION
Issue Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 1 --- Section Articles
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Abstract
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases represent a spectrum of pathophysiological conditions unified by dysregulated immune responses, persistent tissue damage, and complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Over the past two decades, biomedical research has increasingly shifted from broad-spectrum immunosuppression toward precision-based immunomodulatory strategies designed to restore immune tolerance while minimizing systemic adverse effects. Concurrently, advances in nanotechnology and theranostic platforms have enabled unprecedented control over drug delivery, immune cell targeting, and real-time monitoring of disease processes. This research article synthesizes and critically analyzes foundational and translational evidence from antigen-specific tolerance induction, autoregulatory T-cell modulation, dendritic cell–nanomaterial interactions, and stimuli-responsive nanotheranostics, situating these developments within a unified theoretical framework of chronic inflammation. Drawing exclusively on the provided references, this work examines how immune tolerance strategies demonstrated in multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes intersect conceptually and mechanistically with smart nanomaterials designed for pathological microenvironments, such as acidic tumor niches and inflamed vascular tissue. Particular attention is given to the immunological plasticity of dendritic cells, the role of memory-like autoregulatory T cells, and the emerging relevance of psychoneuroimmunological factors in systemic and oral inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the article explores the translational implications of inflammatory biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in atherosclerosis, proposing that immune-targeted nanotheranostics may bridge autoimmune and cardiometabolic disease management. Through extensive theoretical elaboration, critical discussion of limitations, and forward-looking analysis, this article aims to contribute a comprehensive, publication-ready synthesis that advances the conceptual integration of immunology, nanomedicine, and chronic disease therapeutics.
Keywords
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