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ARTICLE
Bioengineered Solutions for Skin Regeneration: Cultured Cells and Grafts
Issue Vol. 2 No. 01 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 01 --- Section Articles
Abstract
The integumentary system, primarily composed of the skin, serves as the largest organ of the human body, providing a critical barrier against external threats and maintaining internal homeostasis. Its complex structure, encompassing the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, is essential for vital physiological functions such as thermoregulation, sensory perception, and protection against pathogens and dehydration. Despite its remarkable regenerative capacity, extensive skin damage resulting from severe burns, chronic wounds, or traumatic injuries often overwhelms natural healing processes, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. Traditional skin grafting techniques, while effective in many scenarios, are frequently limited by donor site availability and potential complications.
Recent advancements in cellular biology and tissue engineering have revolutionized the approach to skin regeneration, particularly through the development of sophisticated skin cell culture techniques. These methods enable the proliferation of specific dermal and epidermal cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and various skin-derived stem cells, under controlled laboratory conditions. The ability to cultivate these cells in vitro provides a robust source of autologous or allogeneic tissue, thereby mitigating issues related to donor site morbidity and immune rejection. This cultivated tissue can then be engineered into functional skin substitutes or applied directly to wound beds, promoting enhanced healing and tissue integration.
This article comprehensively reviews the foundational aspects of skin biology, delving into the intricate cellular and extracellular components that underpin its regenerative capabilities. It critically examines the evolution of skin cell culture methodologies, from early epidermal cultures to contemporary bioengineering strategies involving biomaterial scaffolds and growth factor modulation. Furthermore, the discussion extends to the vital role of skin grafts, exploring their various classifications, surgical procedures, and clinical applications. The integration of cell culture technologies with grafting techniques represents a promising frontier in regenerative medicine, offering innovative solutions for complex dermatological conditions and aiming to restore both the structural integrity and functional efficacy of damaged skin. This review highlights the current status, challenges, and future directions in harnessing skin cell culture and grafting for advanced regenerative therapies.
